Regenerative potential of biopolymers - calcium phosphate osteogenic composites in the healing of an experimental defect of the parietal bone

Given the problem of healing defects of the skull vault, this work is designed to compare in vivo on experimental animals the regenerative potential of osteogenic composite materials different in composition and properties: a) modified with nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) and Zn²⁺ ions biopolymer alginate (Alg) matrix (Alg_HA), and b) loaded with nanoparticles (NPs) brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD) biopolymer chitosan (CS) matrix (CS_DCPD). Regeneration of the parietal bone defect in rats was studied on the 90th and 140th day using light and electron microscopy. Starting from the 90th day, mature lamellar bone tissue formation was observed in the peripheral parts of both implants, which was not yet detected in animals of the control group (healing under the blood clot). The materials underwent resorption during the experiment and were replaced by regenerated tissues. The complete biocompatibility of both materials and the absence of signs of inflammation have been proven. Alg_HA implantation contributed to faster formation and maturation of bone tissue compared to CS_DCPD.