The Impact of Metformin Therapy on Liver and Kidney Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Study Between Men and Women in Al-Bayda City

This study examines the impact of metformin therapy on fasting blood sugar (FBS), renal function (urea and creatinine), and liver function (GOT, GPT, and ALP) in male and female type 2 diabetic patients. FBS levels, while numerically lower in females (106.8 ± 9.7 mg/dL) compared to males (119.7 ± 19 mg/dL), showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.561), suggesting similar glycemic control across genders. Renal function assessment revealed significantly higher urea levels in males (37.40 ± 9.91 mg/dL) than in females (29.37 ± 5.02 mg/dL, p = 0.041), potentially indicating subtle gender-specific differences in renal function or protein metabolism. Similarly, creatinine levels were significantly higher in males (0.950 ± 0.158 mg/dL) compared to females (0.73 ± 0.1636 mg/dL, p=0.007), suggesting the need for closer renal monitoring in male patients. Liver function parameters, including GOT, GPT, and ALP, revealed no statistically significant differences between genders. Although males exhibited higher mean values of GOT (40.0 ± 74.2 U/L) and GPT (31.0 ± 18.05 U/L) compared to females (20.3 ± 8.60 U/L and 18.37 ± 8.77 U/L, respectively), the differences did not reach significance (p = 0.415 and p = 0.062). ALP levels were nearly identical between genders (p = 0.696), indicating no gender-based variations in biliary or bone metabolism. In conclusion, metformin therapy demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety in managing glycemic and hepatic parameters in both genders. However, higher renal biomarkers in males highlight the importance of gender-specific monitoring. Further studies are recommended to explore these trends with larger cohorts