Improving Offshore Wind Speed Forecasting with a CRGWAA-Enhanced Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

Accurate forecasting of offshore wind speed is crucial for the efficient operation and planning of wind energy systems. However, the inherently non-stationary and highly volatile nature of wind speed, coupled with the sensitivity of neural network-based models to parameter settings, poses significant challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) optimized by CRGWAA. The proposed CRGWAA integrates Chebyshev mapping initialization, an elite-guided reflection refinement operator, and a generalized quadratic interpolation strategy to enhance population diversity, adaptive exploration, and local exploitation capabilities. The performance of CRGWAA is comprehensively evaluated on the CEC2022 benchmark function suite, where it demonstrates superior optimization accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness compared to six state-of-the-art algorithms. Furthermore, the ANFIS-CRGWAA model is applied to short-term offshore wind speed forecasting using real-world data from the offshore region of Fujian, China, at 10 m and 100 m above sea level. Experimental results show that the proposed model consistently outperforms conventional and hybrid baselines, achieving lower MAE, RMSE, and MAPE, as well as higher R2, across both altitudes. Specifically, compared to the original ANFIS-WAA model, the RMSE is reduced by approximately 45% at 10 m and 24% at 100 m. These findings confirm the effectiveness, stability, and generalization ability of the ANFIS-CRGWAA model for complex, non-stationary offshore wind speed prediction tasks.