Исполнительные функции у лиц с длительной зависимостью от психоактивных веществ

Introduction. In this paper, the aim is to identify the role of executive functions (working memory and inhibitory control) in the formation of long-term dependence on psychoactive substances (SAW). Methods. 95 people in the control group (not using psychoactive substances) and 146 people of the experimental group who use psychoactive substances (SAW) were examined, among them 99 people with dependence on narcotic substances of different groups and 47 people with alcohol dependence syndrome. The experience of drug and alcohol use amounted to 5-20 years. The subjects filled out a questionnaire aimed at studying the duration of psychoactive substance use and the type of these substances; they performed the tasks of the test "Progressive Matrices" by J. Raven. The paradigms of "go/go" and «go/no-go» were used to assess inhibitory control. To describe the volume of working memory and its mechanisms (proactive interference and learning), the method of O. M. Razumnikova was used. The capabilities of the SPSS-21 program package were used, and regression and factor analyses were applied. Results. The data obtained as a result of factor and regression analysis indicate that people with a long experience of using both narcotic substances and alcohol had difficulties in performing the tasks on scales D and E of J. Raven's Progressive Matrices, which assess the most analytical and synthetic activities. At the same time, it was shown that it is the executive functions that allow people with long-term addiction to continue social activity at a fairly stable level. Such adaptive mechanisms were a high level of learning in working memory and formed an inhibitory control. Discussion. Executive functions have dual functions in relation to addiction: at late provocation of addiction they have a protective function preventing the emergence of addiction, but at very early formation of addiction (up to 12 years of age), gradually forming executive functions allow to maintain a stable social state against the background of substance use.