Самоотношение созависимых женщин: психологические и генетические предикторы

Introduction. Self-esteem is a key aspect influencing psychological well-being and a potential target of therapeutic intervention in co-dependent women. Particular attention is paid to the role of reflection in the formation of self-esteem, as well as a possible link with genetic factors such as COMT and DRD2 genes. The aim of the study is to identify psychological and genetic predictors of the level of self-esteem in co-dependent women.Methods. Genotyping method was used to investigate genetic predictors. As candidate genes we considered the genotypes of dopamine receptor DRD2 (rs1800497) and COMT enzyme gene (Val158Met). Psychological diagnostics was carried out using the following techniques: test-questionnaire of self-relationship (V. V. Stolin, S. R. Pantileev); questionnaire "Differential type of reflexion" (D. A. Leontiev); test of meaning-life orientations (D. A. Leontiev); co-dependence scale (B. J. R. Winehold). The study involved 353 people - women aged 18 to 54 years. Results. The level of self-esteem in co-dependent women significantly differs depending on the genotypes of DRD2 and COMT genes, with the highest indicators in carriers of CC (DRD2) and VV (COMT) genotypes. The correlations between the indicators of self-esteem and reflexion and meaning-life orientations were revealed and described. The level of self-esteem in co-dependent women is associated with polymorphisms of DRD2 and COMT genes, as well as mediated by psychological factors, including meaningfulness of life and reflection. Discussion. Possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the identified effects include the influence of DRD2 and COMT gene polymorphisms on dopaminergic transmission; their relationship with the level of self-esteem is described. The genetic basis of self-esteem is complex and multifaceted, and the role of individual genes can only be manifested in interaction with other genetic and environmental factors. The obtained data emphasize the complex interaction of genetic and psychological mechanisms in the formation of self-esteem.