Stochastic Differential Equation Networks for Time Series at Edge

Stochastic differential equation networks (SDENets), a subset of continuous-time neural networks, offer the natural ability to model continuous time-series data with greater expressivity than discrete-time neural networks. However, SDENets face challenges related to stability and high computational overhead. In this paper, we introduce SE-SDENet, a stable and efficient variant of SDENet. Leveraging the inherent capability of SDENets to model randomness in time-series data, we establish a theoretical framework that ensures SE-SDENet's stability during training by regulating the dynamics of each neuron. Additionally, we propose an efficient training and inference framework that enables SE-SDENet to achieve low forward-pass complexity and to dynamically adjust its complexity at run-time. Evaluation with four datasets and four edge devices demonstrates that SE-SDENet achieves a 6.6x higher throughput than the solver-based SDENet and exhibits improved stability in handling noisy data and long-term predictions. A validation on a robot vehicle shows that SE-SDENet can dynamically adjust its complexity at run-time to meet varying resource constraints.