Effect of sliding velocity, load, and RPM on wear and friction in automotive brake pads

This study examines the effects of sliding speed, applied load, and rotational speed (RPM) on the coefficient of friction (COF) and abrasive wear of semi-metallic automotive brake pads using a pin-on-disc test rig. Results indicate an inverse correlation between COF and RPM, with COF decreasing 78% (0.51–0.112) as speed increased from 200 to 1000 RPM, primarily due to thermal effects and tribo-layer formation. Conversely, sliding velocity positively influenced COF, increasing 21.7% (0.637–0.775) from 0.4 to 0.8 m/s, enhancing the stability of the friction layer for consistent braking. Abrasive wear escalated with higher loads and speeds, increasing 234% (0.384–1.284 g/N) at 30 N and 179% (0.404–1.13 g·s/m) with velocity, indicating a shift to severe wear mechanisms. Findings highlight the role of SiC and MgO reinforced composites in improving wear resistance and maintaining stable COF in high-performance braking systems.