Optimization of Link Distance and Receiver Parameters for Efficient Underwater Communication Using Monte-Carlo Simulation

This study examines the propagation characteristics of laser beams in underwater wireless optical communication channels through Monte Carlo simulations across various ocean water types. A line-of-sight system utilizing a laser diode with a 532 nm wavelength and a beam divergence of 12 mrad demonstrates enhanced propagation performance compared to an LED in all tested water conditions. Notably, propagation distances surpassing 150 meters in pure sea water and 68 meters in clear ocean water are observed.