Polymer Electrolytes for Improving the Performance and Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The growing global energy demand coupled with environmental protection measures is driving the need for advanced energy storage technologies capable of storing power generated from renewable sources such as wind, solar and hydropower. This enables broader integration of sustainable energy systems. Among various energy storage systems, batteries have proven to be the most efficient. In particular, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the most reliable and suitable energy storage devices because of their novel characteristics, including high energy density (Ed), high theoretical capacity, compact design and long-lasting performance compared to other storage systems. However, to enhance their energy and power densities and to address safety concerns caused by dendrite growth in the anodes, further optimization is required. Of the three key parts of a battery namely cathode, anode and electrolyte; electrolyte has a vital role, significantly influencing the electrochemical performance and overall operation. In high performance LIBs, solid polymer electrolytes have garnered significant interest because of their enhanced safety, lack of leakage, broad electrochemical stability window, mechanical flexibility and thermal-stability. This paper discusses various types of polymers including PMMA, PEO, PAN, PVDF, PVC, PS and PC, focusing on their synthesis methods and electrochemical performance. The aim is to provide insights into their potential for the advancement in LIB- technology.