Machines that halt resolve the undecidability of artificial intelligence alignment
The inner alignment problem, which asserts whether an arbitrary artificial intelligence (AI) model satisfices a non-trivial alignment function of its outputs given its inputs, is undecidable. This is rigorously proved by Rice's theorem, which is also equivalent to a reduction to Turing's Halting Problem, whose proof sketch is presented in this work. Nevertheless, there is an enumerable set of provenly aligned AIs that are constructed from a finite set of provenly aligned operations. Therefore, we argue that the alignment should be a guaranteed property from the AI architecture rather than a characteristic imposed post-hoc on an arbitrary AI model. Furthermore, while the outer alignment problem is the definition of a judge function that captures human values and preferences, we propose that such a function must also impose a halting constraint that guarantees that the AI model always reaches a terminal state in finite execution steps. Our work presents examples and models that illustrate this constraint and the intricate challenges involved, advancing a compelling case for adopting an intrinsically hard-aligned approach to AI systems architectures that ensures halting.
Authors
- Marcos R. O. A. Máximo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-4476)
- Gabriel Adriano de Melo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-7967)
- Nei Yoshihiro Soma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-9644)
- Paulo André Lima de Castro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5515-1672)
Institutions
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2025-05-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99060-2
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.17
Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico