Machines that halt resolve the undecidability of artificial intelligence alignment

The inner alignment problem, which asserts whether an arbitrary artificial intelligence (AI) model satisfices a non-trivial alignment function of its outputs given its inputs, is undecidable. This is rigorously proved by Rice's theorem, which is also equivalent to a reduction to Turing's Halting Problem, whose proof sketch is presented in this work. Nevertheless, there is an enumerable set of provenly aligned AIs that are constructed from a finite set of provenly aligned operations. Therefore, we argue that the alignment should be a guaranteed property from the AI architecture rather than a characteristic imposed post-hoc on an arbitrary AI model. Furthermore, while the outer alignment problem is the definition of a judge function that captures human values and preferences, we propose that such a function must also impose a halting constraint that guarantees that the AI model always reaches a terminal state in finite execution steps. Our work presents examples and models that illustrate this constraint and the intricate challenges involved, advancing a compelling case for adopting an intrinsically hard-aligned approach to AI systems architectures that ensures halting.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2025-05-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99060-2
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Scientific Computing and Data Management
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
4.17

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article

Machines that halt resolve the undecidability of artificial intelligence alignment

Marcos R. O. A. Máximo, Gabriel Adriano de Melo, Nei Yoshihiro Soma, Paulo André Lima de Castro
1 citations
Scientific Reports
Scientific Computing and Data Management
4.17
article

Machines that halt resolve the undecidability of artificial intelligence alignment

Marcos R. O. A. Máximo, Gabriel Adriano de Melo, Nei Yoshihiro Soma, Paulo André Lima de Castro
article en
1 citations

Abstract

The inner alignment problem, which asserts whether an arbitrary artificial intelligence (AI) model satisfices a non-trivial alignment function of its outputs given its inputs, is undecidable. This is rigorously proved by Rice's theorem, which is also equivalent to a reduction to Turing's Halting Problem, whose proof sketch is presented in this work. Nevertheless, there is an enumerable set of provenly aligned AIs that are constructed from a finite set of provenly aligned operations. Therefore, we argue that the alignment should be a guaranteed property from the AI architecture rather than a characteristic imposed post-hoc on an arbitrary AI model. Furthermore, while the outer alignment problem is the definition of a judge function that captures human values and preferences, we propose that such a function must also impose a halting constraint that guarantees that the AI model always reaches a terminal state in finite execution steps. Our work presents examples and models that illustrate this constraint and the intricate challenges involved, advancing a compelling case for adopting an intrinsically hard-aligned approach to AI systems architectures that ensures halting.

Scientific ReportsVol. 15(1)
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (BR)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Scientific Computing and Data Management
4.17
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Machines that halt resolve the undecidability of artificial intelligence alignment — Marcos R. O. A. Máximo, Gabriel Adriano de Melo, et al. · Scientific Reports (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS