Евристичні питання як засіб розвитку критичного мислення молодших школярів у контексті наукової освіти

The article is devoted to the topical issue of the development of critical thinking of junior schoolchildren in the context of organizing science education. In recent years, Europe and Ukraine have placed great emphasis on science education, which is aimed at educating students as researchers and active knowledge seekers. Thanks to scientific e ducation a nd c ritical t hinking, younger generations will be able to constantly acquire new knowledge that is rapidly updated. They can also actively learn about the world around them and themselves, which is important for professional competitiveness and successful life. The importance of heuristic methods is revealed, thanks to which the teacher can solve the problems of science education in general and critical thinking in particular. The theoretical foundations and methodological features of heuristic questioning are shown. Examples of the use of heuristic conversation in the study of subjects of the New Ukrainian School for the development of critical thinking are given. The importance of the educational model “Philosophical Dialogue” for the development of critical thinking is shown. It has been found that the use of various types of philosophical exercises according to the methodology of H. Helscog will contribute to the formation of a critically thinking personality.