Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative outcomes in hysterectomy: a prospective observational study

Hysterectomy is a commonly performed gynecological surgery, but postoperative complications remain a significant concern. This study aimed to assess the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis, obesity, comorbidities, and surgical techniques on post-hysterectomy complications. This prospective observational study was conducted over a total of 50 women undergoing different types of hysterectomies, who were enrolled. Patient data, including age, BMI, comorbidities, type of hysterectomy, antibiotic usage, and postoperative complications, were collected from medical records and patient follow-ups. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Women aged 41–60 years constituted the majority of hysterectomy patients, with abdominal hysterectomy (38%) being the most frequently performed procedure. However, it was associated with higher postoperative complications, including pain (84%), swelling (68%), and bowel disturbances (47%). In contrast, laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy had lower complication rates, suggesting its advantages in reducing postoperative morbidity. Obesity and comorbidities, particularly diabetes and hypertension, significantly increased the risk of postoperative complications such as prolonged recovery, pain, and infection. The most frequently reported symptoms included constipation (42%), lethargy (82%), and hot flashes (32%). All patients received standard prophylactic antibiotics, regardless of hysterectomy type. Despite this, an SSI rate of 12% was observed, particularly in obese and diabetic patients, indicating the need for a more individualized approach to antibiotic prophylaxis. This study highlights the importance of preoperative risk assessment, tailored antibiotic prophylaxis, and postoperative management in improving patient outcomes following hysterectomy.