Development and validation of the short form of the Later Life Workplace Index: a study across 10 countries
Abstract This study aims to develop and validate a short form of the Later Life Workplace Index (LLWI). The LLWI measures organizational practices relevant to older workers’ ability, motivation, and opportunity to continue working in later life. It consists of nine domains comprising three to four conceptual indicators each. We applied a combined qualitative and quantitative strategy to reduce the original LLWI 80-item measure into a 29-item short form (LLWI-SF). Different language versions were developed and applied to samples in ten countries: Belgium (N = 444), Germany (N = 387), Italy (N = 408), Japan (N = 349), Korea (N = 350), Norway (N = 140), Poland (N = 353), Portugal (N = 306), the Netherlands (N = 317), and the United States (N = 370). Our data provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the LLWI-SF in the ten countries and languages. Moreover, partial measurement invariance of the LLWI-SF is supported despite the diverging regulatory and cultural contexts. Thus, we provide a short but holistic measure of organizational practices for older workers that can be efficiently used in research and practice.
Authors
- Maaike Schellaert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-2736)
- Eunsun Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-4260)
- Michela Vignoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-5384)
- Xiuzhu Gu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-1740)
- Eva Derous (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-5836)
- Sofija Pajic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-3796)
- Béatrice van der Heijden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5368)
- Reidar J. Mykletun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-7233)
- Julia S Finsel
- Eduardo Oliveira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-0348)
- Hila Axelrad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-6488)
- Jürgen Deller
- Izabela Marzec (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7149-7566)
- Anne Marit Wöhrmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0430-8331)
- Su Jung Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9752)
- JH Ha
- Paolo Guandalini
Institutions
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts (BE)
- Economic Policy Institute (US)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Seoul National University of Education (KR)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- University of Economics in Katowice (PL)
- University of Trento (IT)
- Kingston University London (GB)
- University of the Free State (ZA)
- Korea Education and Research Information Service (KR)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (NL)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems (IT)
- Kingston University (US)
- Employment Agency (BG)
- Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology (JP)
- Open University of the Netherlands (NL)
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- University of Stavanger (NO)
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Work Aging and Retirement
- Published
- 2025-05-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waaf006
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.59
Funders
- European Commission
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia