Deep‐Sea Interactions Between Fishes and Sea Lilies: Paleoecological Implications

Photo 1. Selected Crinoidea observed during submersible dives on the slope of Isla de Roatán, Honduras. In each photo, injured/regenerating arms are indicated by an arrow. Cenocrinus asterius, ~150 m depth (A); Stylometra spirifera, ~300 m depth (B); Democrinus sp., 240 m depth (C); Holopus mikihe, 620 m depth (D). Photo credit: Charles G. Messing and Tomasz K. Baumiller (A–D). Photo 2. Antagonistic interactions between fish (Ophidiiformes) and one of the isocrinid individuals (Endoxocrinus parrae). Initially the fish is on the aboral side of the crinoid's strongly, flexed arms (A). The fish moving to the crinoid's adoral side and making quick strikes directed at the tips of the arms (B, C). Arm-flailing by the crinoid pushes the fish away from the crown (D). Photo credit: Przemysław Gorzelak (A–D). These photographs illustrate the article “Fish-sea lily interactions as observed from a submersible – paleoecological implications” by Przemysław Gorzelak, Mariusz A. Salamon, Charles G. Messing, Tomasz K. Baumiller published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70092