Unlocking blockchain’s potential in collaborative remanufacturing and data sharing: a case study on electric vehicle batteries

Purpose In this paper, we present a case study to explore both how end-of-life electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) might be remanufactured efficiently and the data sharing required to support such remanufacturing. Specifically, the paper explores how blockchain technology can enhance transparency, traceability and efficiency in the lifecycle of EVBs. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a case study methodology to study the remanufacturing processes of EVBs at Tesla, China. This approach is chosen for its effectiveness in examining complex phenomena within their real contexts and is particularly suitable for exploring the interplay between technology and industry practices. Findings Our findings suggest that implementing blockchain technology allows stakeholders to manage data regarding battery quality and battery history. Although the adoption of blockchain in remanufacturing faces challenges, the research suggests that integrating blockchain could revolutionize the EVBs remanufacturing process by ensuring more effective and secure data management across the supply chain. Research limitations/implications The study’s focus on Tesla in China as a unique case limits its generalizability, as Tesla’s advanced technology and China’s specific regulatory environment may not reflect the conditions faced by other EV manufacturers or in different regions, necessitating adaptations for broader applicability. Practical implications Based on the insights from participants at a leading EV manufacturer, this study proposes a blockchain-based closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) to monitor battery production, usage, remanufacturing and reuse, ensuring real-time data sharing among key stakeholders. Originality/value The research highlights blockchain technology’s pivotal role in enhancing the traceability, security and efficiency of remanufacturing EVBs within CLSCs. It enriches the existing theoretical frameworks by integrating regulatory influences and advanced data-sharing mechanisms, addressing consumer trust issues and proposing sustainable practices that could be adopted across the industry.