Coastal oceanographic connectivity at the global scale: a dataset of pairwise probabilities and travel times derived from biophysical modeling

Ocean currents are fundamental drivers of marine biodiversity distribution, mediating the exchange of genetic material and individuals between populations. Their effect ranges from creating barriers that foster isolation to facilitating long-distance dispersal, which is crucial for species expansion and resilience in the face of climate change. Despite the significance of oceanographic connectivity, comprehensive global estimates remain elusive, hindering our understanding of species' dispersal ecology and limiting the development of effective conservation strategies. We present the first dataset of connectivity estimates (including probability of connectivity and travel time) along the world's coastlines. The dataset is derived from Lagrangian simulations of passive dispersal driven by 21 years of ocean current data and can be combined with species' biological traits, including seasonality and duration of planktonic dispersal stages. Alongside, we provide coastalNet, an R package designed to streamline access, analysis, and visualization of connectivity estimates. The dataset provides a new benchmark for research in oceanographic connectivity, enabling a deeper exploration of the complex dynamics of coastal marine ecosystems and informing more effective conservation strategies.