Dynamics of the Professional Structure of Labor and Problems of Professional Education in Modern Russia

The paper puts forward a hypothesis that in the conditions of development of the post-industrial economic system, the share of labor of highly qualified specialist’s increases and the share of labor of less qualified workers decreases. To test the put forward hypothesis, econometric models of trends in the number and shares of employed by occupational groups over the past ten-year period were built. Trends in employment changes for the most numerous occupational groups were modeled. Rosstat data for the period 2014 to 2023 were used. As a result of the modeling, it was established that in the economy of modern Russia there is an increase in the share of labor of highly qualified specialists and the share of labor in the service sector, which prevail in the post-industrial economy. At the same time, there is a decrease in the share of labor of less qualified workers, such as skilled and unskilled workers. This indicates that in the country's economy there is a replacement of obsolete industries with industries based on new technological structures, and a post-industrial economic system is developing. When examining the employment structure by occupational groups and education, it is found that a significant proportion of workers do not have vocational education, the forced use of such workers creates a problem of production efficiency. This creates a problem, the solution to which requires a restructuring of the education system.