Population Dynamic of Insect Pests and their Natural Predators in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under Semi-Arid Condition of Rajasthan, India

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pest and natural enemy complex associated with okra during Kharif seasons. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), an important vegetable crop in tropical and subtropical regions, is susceptible to a variety of pests that can significantly impact yield and quality. Pest management in okra is becoming increasingly challenging due to climate change and other environmental factors. These natural enemies include various species of ladybirds, spiders, mantises, and parasitoid wasps, which help regulate pest numbers and reduce the need for chemical pesticides, thereby promoting sustainable pest management practices. The study investigates the pest complex and their natural enemies in okra during the Kharif seasons of 2020-21 and 2022-23, aiming to provide insights into pest dynamics and inform integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The major pests identified include sap-suckers (Jassids, Cotton aphids, Whiteflies, and Mites), defoliators (Red pumpkin beetles, Grasshoppers, and caterpillars), and borers (Blister beetles, fruit borers, and shoot borers), which cause significant damage from the vegetative to maturity stages of the crop. Natural enemies such as Coccinellids, spiders, spraying mantises, and parasitoid wasps play a critical role in regulating pest populations and enhancing biological control. Additionally, pollinators like honeybees contribute to fruit set and overall plant health. The study highlights the seasonal fluctuations of pest populations, the effectiveness of natural enemies, and the potential for sustainable pest management through biological control. Findings from this research will support the development of eco-friendly pest management practices, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and promoting a balanced agroecosystem for sustainable okra production.