SURGICAL APPROACH TO VARICOSE VEINS

Varicose veins, defined as pathologically dilated and twisted superficial veins, arise from chronic venous hypertension secondary to valvular dysfunction or impaired venous return. Globally affecting an estimated 20-30% of adults, the condition exhibits a higher prevalence in women, aging populations, and individuals with risk factors such as obesity, genetic predisposition, or prolonged standing. Beyond their visible appearance, varicose veins pose significant clinical burdens, including pain, chronic limb swelling, and skin changes that may progress to venous ulcers, recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis, or rare but serious hemorrhage. These complications often diminish mobility, disrupt daily activities, and increase healthcare utilization for chronic wound management. Surgical intervention is typically 1 reserved for patients unresponsive to conservative therapies—such as compression stockings, elevation, or pharmacologic agents—or those with severe symptoms, advanced disease (e.g., non-healing ulcers), or recurrent thrombotic events. The decision to pursue surgery balances clinical severity, anatomical involvement, and patient-specific goals, prioritizing symptom relief, functional improvement, and prevention of long-term morbidity