Public Health Care and its Management in India: Challenges and Opportunities from the Past and the Present

The Indian healthcare sector is growing at a brisk pace due to its strengthening coverage and services and increasing expenditure by public and private players. It has undergone significant transformations over the last 75 years, but still faces several challenges. The Indian healthcare market, which was valued at US$ 110 billion in 2016, is now projected to reach US$ 638 billion by 2025.​​ It is noteworthy that much progress has been made in the country’s healthcare management since independence. Life expectancy is greater than 67 years, and the India of 2025 is a thriving democracy with a diversified production base, a large scientific community, and an impressive information technology sector. This review article discusses the past and present of the Indian healthcare system and its management concerning the problems and challenges it has faced over the last many decades. Healthcare has become one of India’s largest sectors, both in terms of revenue and employment, as it comprises hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance, and medical equipment. The Indian healthcare sector is growing at a brisk pace due to its strengthening coverage, services, and increasing expenditure by public as well as private players. India’s competitive advantage lies in its large pool of well-trained medical professionals. India is also cost-competitive compared to its peers in Asia and Western countries. Moreover, India has emerged as a hub for R&D activities for international players due to its relatively low cost of clinical research. The telemedicine market is also expected to reach US$ 6 billion by 2025, driven by increased demand for remote healthcare solutions and advancements in technology.