Paleoenvironment and ichnofacies diversity in the maastrichtian of the Western High Atlas, Morocco

This study aims to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions of the Maastrichtian phosphate series in the Western High Atlas region of Morocco, with particular focus on the Oued Lahouar and Erguita sections.The research investigates the diversity and distribution of ichnofossils-trace fossils that preserve evidence of biological activity -to better understand the ecological and sedimentary dynamics of the Maastrichtian epoch.A detailed field survey and stratigraphic analysis were conducted across key phosphate-bearing formations, during which a variety of ichnotaxa were identified and classified into distinct ichnofacies.These ichnofacies, including Thalassinodes, Arenicolites, Diplocraterion, Lockeia, Ophiomorpha, and Skolithos, provide critical insight into depositional settings ranging from well-oxygenated shoreface environments to nutrient-rich marine substrates.They also reflect parameters such as sedimentation conditions, substrate stability, and the intensity of biological activity.Photographic documentation and sedimentological descriptions supported the ichnological interpretations.The main results reveal notable ichnodiversity and clear spatial variation in ichnofacies, suggesting a dynamic paleoenvironment influenced by fluctuations in sea level and sedimentation rates.These findings contribute to a more refined understanding of Maastrichtian paleogeography in the region.While the study is limited to two key stratigraphic sections, the results offer a valuable baseline for broader regional comparisons.Future research could extend to adjacent basins to validate and deepen the paleoenvironmental interpretations.The practical value of this research lies in its contribution to paleoecological modeling, geoconservation, and the understanding of Morocco's geological heritage.This detailed ichnofacies-based study comparing two sections of the Western High Atlas highlights the originality and scientific significance of using ichnological evidence to reconstruct late Cretaceous environments.