The Impact of the Ecosystem on Biodiversity Restoration in the Natural Ecosystems of Ukraine

Biodiversity research is a key element in natural resource management and conservation, especially in large ecosystems such as biosphere reserves. In this context, the dynamics of changes in the plant species diversity on the territory of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve were analyzed for 2010–2023. The research aimed to study the impact of ecological networks on biodiversity and to identify their role in maintaining ecosystem stability and preserving the species composition in the studied area. The state of biodiversity in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve was evaluated by using the Simpson, Shannon, Brillouin, evenness (Ewens or Pilkington), and restoration indices, which were calculated using the R program for the following plant species: Rhododendron myrtifolium, Leontopodium, Pulsatilla alba Reichen, and Erythronium dens-cani. The study of plant biodiversity in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve showed the stability of species evenness indices over the years, which indicates the stability of the ecosystem. Positive growth dynamics of recovery indices for all studied species were also noted. The indicator increased from 0.7025 to 0.7323 for Rhododendron myrtifolium, from 0.6024 to 0.6551 for Leontopodium, from 0.5025 to 0.5682 for Pulsatilla alba Reichen, while it remained at 0.7825 for Erythronium dens-cani. Biodiversity restoration strategies should be aimed at ensuring the sustainable restoration and preservation of plant diversity, which contributes to increasing the sustainability of ecosystems and preserving natural resources. The obtained data can serve as a basis for further academic research in the field of nature protection, ecology, and preservation of biodiversity.