Proactive Multisensory Solution for Mitigating Thermal Runaway Risks in Li-Ion Batteries

The paper presents the concept and modeling results of a multisensor system designed to prevent thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. This is especially true for LCO, NMC and NCO batteries. The system integrates three types of sensors: a capacitive pressure sensor, a gas sensor based on a metal oxide semiconductor, and a platinum temperature sensor. Moreover, all sensors are located on a single chip, which ensures increased reliability and safety, minimizing the risks of fire, explosion, or damage to batteries. Three battery operating modes are proposed: normal, hazardous, and critical. In the normal mode, the temperature and gas concentration remain at safe levels, while in the hazardous mode, they begin to increase, indicating the possible onset of destructive reactions. In the critical mode, the battery reaches hazardous levels, which can lead to damage, fire, or explosion. The multisensor system was modeled using the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 package using the finite element method. This approach helps to improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries by solving the problems of monitoring their condition. The scalability of the system makes it suitable for applications in both portable electronics and electric vehicles.