Management of Severe Infectious Complications in a Patient with Bilateral Staghorn Kidney Stones and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Case Study

Staghorn calculi are a serious therapeutical challenge in clinical practice.They can determine multiple complications represented by persistent pain, haematuria, chronic kidney disease, and various types of urinary tract infections including the urinary sepsis.The consequences of the associated infectious complications can vary from urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections to pyelonephritis, renal abscesses and even pyonephrosis with perirenal abscesses or xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis.The case that will be presented shows that the treatment of the staghorn calculi with the associated infectious complications, especially if they determine secondary urosepsis, is not only complex, multimodal and multidisciplinary, but unfortunately sometimes major surgical options like nephrectomy could be necessary as a life-saving option.