Navigating the doctoral journey: A qualitative study on PhD scholars’ well-being in Pakistan

This study highlighted the multifaceted dimensions of well-being of PhD scholars at individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy levels. PhD scholars' mental, physical, and emotional health is influenced by time management and academic pressure. PhD scholars' interpersonal well-being depends on supervisors, peers, and family support. Effective administrative systems, financial support, and academic resources reduce scholar stress and improve institutional well-being. Opportunities for professional growth, networking, and cultural and gender recognition in the community are crucial for improving PhD scholars' well-being. Our results showed the need for policy reforms that prioritise research-focused PhD programs over coursework-focused ones, create more flexible publication criteria, and ensure enough financial assistance.