FSO mathematical modelling and optimization base track to train communication under the atmospheric weather forecast conditions

High-speed trains with broadband service is rapidly growing as more people commute from their homes to work and vice versa, where the current available radio frequency (RF) technology could not meet. An alternative technique defined as free space optics (FSO) that could possibly overcome the bandwidth constraint problem might be easily implemented was proposed. This paper presents the mathematical derivation and formulation model for double curved track base-to-train communications (B2T) based FSO link, and multiple transmitters configuration is proposed to maximize the coverage range and enhance the B2T- FSO link performance under different weather conditions. The double curve track B2T-FSO model was evaluated in terms of received power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), and eye diagrams. The result shows a maximum coverage length of 618 m, 505 m, 365 m and 240 m are achieved for 4Tx/1Rx, 3Tx/1Rx, 2Tx/1Rx and 1Tx/1Rx configurations, respectively. The analyzed results demonstrated an improvement and showed that the B2T-FSO link can be implemented under impact of weather conditions.