The elementary particles as knots in the SU(2) higher homotopy Hopf group

Twelve of the fifteen prime knots with seven or less crossings taken as inclusions in the higher homotopic Hopf group of S U ( 2 ) are used to delineate and distinguish the twelve Standard Model quarks and leptons. These knot inclusions set the generational assignment of the quarks and leptons and permit the conjecture that knot hyperbolic volume hierarchy controls the physical mass hierarchy of the elementary particles. The hierarchy conjecture permits a postulate regarding the Yukawa couplings.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physics Open
Published
2025-05-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2025.100269
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

The elementary particles as knots in the SU(2) higher homotopy Hopf group

Brian Jonathan Wolk
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Physics Open
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
article

The elementary particles as knots in the SU(2) higher homotopy Hopf group

Brian Jonathan Wolk
article en

Abstract

Twelve of the fifteen prime knots with seven or less crossings taken as inclusions in the higher homotopic Hopf group of S U ( 2 ) are used to delineate and distinguish the twelve Standard Model quarks and leptons. These knot inclusions set the generational assignment of the quarks and leptons and permit the conjecture that knot hyperbolic volume hierarchy controls the physical mass hierarchy of the elementary particles. The hierarchy conjecture permits a postulate regarding the Yukawa couplings.

Physics OpenVol. 23
Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 95%
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
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