MXenes: synthesis, properties, and applications in advanced energy storage technologies

MXenes have emerged as highly promising materials in the field of advanced energy storage technologies, owing to their distinctive properties and versatile applications. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of MXenes, focusing on their synthesis methods, fundamental properties, and applications in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. In response to increasing global energy demands, MXenes present compelling solutions due to their exceptional electrical and electrochemical characteristics. These include high conductivity, large surface area, hydrophilicity, and a unique two-dimensional structure comprising metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. Additionally, this review incorporates a detailed bibliometric analysis using computational tools such as VOSviewer, which examines the global landscape of MXene research spanning from 2012 to 2024. This analysis identifies collaborative trends among different countries, institutions, authors, and journals, highlighting leading research areas. Overall, this review underscores the significant potential of MXenes in advancing energy storage technologies. It provides insights into future research directions and practical applications that could effectively meet the growing energy demands driven by electric vehicles and portable electronics.