Optimal planning and placement of capacitor in distribution system based on Particle Swarm and Hybrid Bee-Cuckoo Search under Varying Load Conditions

Power utilities are required to build and use distribution networks in a way that will maximize customer service continuity and reliability due to the sudden increase in electricity usage. Due to low voltage levels and high currents, distribution networks are usually suffering from high power losses and voltage instability. Thus, it becomes essential to destroy these problems; a novel methodology using Particle Swarm and Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony-Cuckoo Search Optimization (ABC- CSO) is to be designed for placing the distribution system under different loading conditions, which guarantees voltage stability. Additionally, to enhance the distribution network's efficiency, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is introduced for network expansion, optimizing capacitor placement through loss sensitivity analysis and effectively addressing load growth and dynamic system requirements. Under these different loading conditions, the required capacitive reactive power is calculated to enhance the system reliability in terms of a substantial reduction in active power loss and yearly economic loss as well as improving the system voltage profile. Subsequently, the impact of load growth on the distribution system is analyzed before and after capacitor placement. The approach effectively identifies optimal capacitor locations and sizes, reducing power losses by 146.802 kW and minimizing voltage drop to 1.6471 V. This improved method offers significant benefits over traditional techniques by stabilizing voltage and boosting system performance.