Experimental Investigation on Earth Battery: A Case Study

Abstract: As the global energy demand continues to rise, there is an urgent need to explore sustainable and alternative sources of power, particularly for off-grid and remote areas. The Earth Battery, a relatively low-cost and environmentally friendly technology, utilizes the natural electrochemical potential difference between dissimilar metal electrodes placed in moist soil to generate electricity. This study presents an in-depth experimental investigation into the operational parameters of an Earth Battery system. Through systematic testing of different soil types, electrode materials, spacing, and moisture conditions, we analyse the viability and potential of Earth Batteries. A selected site was used as a case study to evaluate real-world deployment. Results show that while output is modest, Earth Batteries can support micro-energy applications such as powering low-power sensors, LED lights, or communication modules in isolated settings