Impact of Environmental Stress on the Physiology of Plants

Stress causes a plant to develop in a suboptimal or terrible state, compromising its capacity to grow, produce crops, develop, or even die if the stress level exceeds the plant's tolerance limitations. It is made up of a diverse set of variables that may be divided into two categories: environmental stress factors (abiotic stress factors) and biotic stress factors (biological stress factors). While biotic stress factors are biological threats (pathogens and pests) that a plant faces during its life, abiotic stress factors include any number of environmental issues that impede plant growth, such as light, waterlogging, temperature, salt, drought, and heavy metal toxicity. Due to continued climate change and deteriorating circumstances, human activity has caused an imbalance in the level of food security. This research looks at the broad views of the various types of plant stress, their effects, and how plants react to these different types of stress. To cope with the stresses they face, plants usually exhibit a range of defensive mechanisms in response to stress.