Philosophy of Education in the Perspective of Bertrand Russell

The philosophy of education is one of the fundamental principles in constructing any educational system. This is achieved through the core functions of educational philosophy, which involve observing, critiquing, and guiding the educational process across different societies and time periods, relying on the educational thought of prominent philosophers. This study seeks to present one of the most significant contemporary educational philosophies—Bertrand Russell's philosophy of education. Russell's educational thought emphasizes the relationship between education and the social system, highlighting the importance of free thinking. He classifies education into two types based on age differences: moral education and intellectual education. From Russell’s perspective, education is regarded as a primary tool for social progress. He asserts that education should not merely serve the interests of the state or existing power structures but should also function as a means to encourage individuals to think critically and independently. This study aims to distinguish between moral education and intellectual education, examining their content, characteristics, and primary objectives within this educational framework. Additionally, it explores the essential steps required to develop both moral and intellectual education. Overall, Russell’s philosophy of education advocates for an educational system that fosters moral responsibility and intellectual freedom, ultimately contributing to the development of human character and the realization of a prosperous and just world.