Prevalence and Determinants of Peripheral Neuropathy Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Rural Area of Salem District, Tamil Nadu

Background: One of the most prevalent side effects of diabetes mellitus is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), affecting half of them. Early detection and treatment of DPN are essential in rural areas with limited access to healthcare. The objectives of the study are twofold: first, to estimate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among diabetes mellitus patients, and second, to identify the variables that influence the development of peripheral neuropathy. Materials and Methods: It is a community based cross-sectional analytical study with 350 samples chosen by simple random sampling method. Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) history and physical examination version was used to evaluate DPN, and Biothesiometer findings were used to score the severity of DPN. Data analysis was done with SPSS Version 22. Results: DPN was present in 22.1% (MNSI history) and 38.6% (MNSI physical exam) of samples. Biothesiometer testing showed mild, moderate, and severe DPN in 16.5%, 9.5%, and 12.6%, respectively. Male gender, diabetes duration >5 years, uncontrolled blood sugar, and hypertension were significant risk factors. Conclusion: Regular screening of DPN at the time of diagnosis and follow up must be undertaken as a routine practice to be integrated in the health system. Diabetic individuals must be urged to inculcate foot care and other self-care practices as a routine habit.