Enhancing Smart Recycling Bins for University E-Commerce Packaging Waste: A User-Centered Kano Model Approach

The rise of e-commerce has significantly increased courier packaging waste, posing challenges for sustainable waste management, particularly in university settings where high consumption exacerbates recycling difficulties. However, existing recycling bins suffer from low user engagement due to insufficient consideration of user needs. This study employs the Kano model to analyze university students' demands for smart courier packaging recycling bins, classifying these needs and proposing design optimization strategies to enhance user satisfaction and participation. Through semi-structured interviews (n=12) and a questionnaire survey (n=395), the study identifies demand categories and their impact on user satisfaction. Results indicate that the absence of four Must-be requirements, such as safety and basic functionality) leads to strong dissatisfaction, while optimizing five One-dimensional requirements, such as interactive experience and environmental adaptability) directly enhances satisfaction. Additionally, three Attractive requirements, such as real-time feedback and incentive mechanisms) significantly boost user participation, whereas six Indifferent requirements exert minimal impact. Based on satisfaction and dissatisfaction coefficients, the study prioritizes user needs and proposes optimization strategies, including strengthening safety measures, simplifying interaction processes, and integrating incentive mechanisms. These findings provide practical insights for improving recycling systems in university environments and extend the Kano model's application in sustainable design. Furthermore, these insights contribute to sustainable waste management solutions applicable in wider urban contexts beyond universities.