"Conservation of Biodiversity in the Riverine Wetland Ecosystem"

Biodiversity is declining in the riverine wetland ecosystem.The sustainability of people in riverine wetlands is highly dependent on biodiversity for their livelihood.Environmental threats alter the biodiversity of plants, fish, and birds in a wetland ecosystem.Subsequently, community people have suffered to lead their sustainable livelihood.The present study evaluates the species distribution, causes of declining biodiversity, and conservation strategies in the riverine wetland ecosystem.Some species were recorded as critically endangered, such as Chitala chitala, Channa marulius, Nymphaea nouchali, Gyps bengalensis, Alcedo atthis and Phalacrocorax fuscicollis.The average percentage of critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, and least concern species was 9. 61, 16, 19.61, and 54.72 recorded in riverine wetland ecosystems, respectively.Agriculture and forest area decreased by 36% and 60%, respectively, in 2021 compared to 2013.Climate change, habitat modification, unplanned residential areas, invasive alien species, hunting, unplanned dams, and water management system change the land use land cover (LULC).The LULC enhances endangered, critically endangered, and species vulnerability.In this context, the guidelines are recommended to conserve riverine wetland biodiversity.