Development of New Monoclonal Antibodies against Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4

A promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy involves blocking the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signaling pathway to enhance the antitumor activity of lymphocytes. This method is based on using drugs that interfere with proteins that suppress immune responses in the human body. CTLA-4 is a key protein involved in regulating the immune response, and it is a homolog of the CD28 receptor that is also involved in activating T cells. CTLA-4 can negatively regulate signaling in T cells by competing with the CD28 co-stimulatory ligand. CTLA is expressed on T regulatory cells (Tregs), indicating its importance in both direct and indirect immune suppression by Tregs. Developing monoclonal antibody preparations that block CTLA-4 represents an urgent task for developing new antitumor therapies. These molecules provide a promising foundation for developing theranostic radiopharmaceuticals, which can be used for both diagnosing and treating malignant tumors. In this article, we describe the development process and outcomes of in vitro and in vivo studies on a novel monoclonal antibody targeting human CTLA-4.