Dinamika Lingkungan Strategis Pendidikan Nasional: Analisis Kritis Faktor Internal dan Eksternal

Education in Indonesia is the main foundation of national development and is now in the comprehensive transformation process. This research aims to analyse the dynamics of the strategic environment of national education by reviewing internal factors such as government policies, the quality of human resources, and infrastructure, as well as external factors such as globalisation, technological developments, and societal demands. The method used is a qualitative literature study with a thematic analysis approach to policy documents, scientific articles, and related institutional reports. The study results show that although policies such as Merdeka Belajar have been launched to improve the quality of education, challenges such as teacher quality inequality, limited infrastructure, and digital divide still hinder implementation in various regions. Globalisation and technology drive the importance of competency-based education in the 21st century, but it has not been fully accommodated in the existing system. The public's demand for more relevant and inclusive education also pressures policymakers. This research emphasizes the importance of holistic, adaptive, and evidence-based education reform to address the complexity of national education challenges in the future.