Experimental Study of the Axial Tensile Properties of Basalt Fiber Textile–Reinforced Fine-Aggregate Concrete Thin Slab

Traditional concrete has low tensile strength, is prone to cracking, and has poor durability, which limits its scope of application. Basalt Fiber Textile–Reinforced Concrete (BTRC), a new type of fiber-reinforced cement material, offers advantages such as light weight, increased strength, improved crack resistance, and high durability. It effectively addresses the limitations of traditional concrete. However, the tensile properties of BTRC have not been fully studied, especially with fine aggregate concrete as the matrix, and there are few reports on this topic. Therefore, this study conducted uniaxial tensile tests of Basalt Textile–Reinforced Fine Aggregate Concrete (BTRFAC) and systematically investigated the effects of two mesh sizes (5 mm × 5 mm and 10 mm × 10 mm) and two to four layers of fiber mesh on the tensile strength, strain hardening behavior, crack propagation, and ductile tensile mechanical properties of BTRFAC thin slabs. The tests revealed that an increase in the number of fiber mesh layers significantly reinforced the material’s tensile strength and ductility. The tensile strength of the 5 mm mesh specimen (four-layer mesh) reached 2.96 MPa, which is 193% higher than plain concrete, and the ultimate tensile strain increased by 413%. The tensile strength of the 10 mm mesh specimen (four-layer mesh) was 2.12 MPa, which is 109% higher than plain concrete, and the ultimate tensile strain increased by 298%. The strength utilization rate of the 5 mm and 10 mm mesh fibers was 41% and 54% respectively, mainly due to the weakening effect caused by interface slippage between the fiber mesh and the matrix. An excessively small mesh size may lead to premature debonding from the matrix, but its denser fiber distribution and larger bonding area exhibit better strain hardening characteristics. More than three layers of fiber mesh can significantly improve the uniformity of crack distribution and delay propagation of the main crack. A calculation formula for the tensile bearing capacity of BTRFAC thin slabs is proposed, and the error between the theoretical value and the experimental value was very small. This research provides a theoretical basis and reference data for the design and application of basalt fiber mesh–reinforced concrete thin slabs.