Creativity in generative design: The impact of architects’ control over geometric parameters in early-stage form-finding using genetic algorithms

Generative design utilizing genetic algorithms provides architects with innovative opportunities for form exploration; however, excessive automation may restrict their engagement in the creative process. This study investigates the influence of architects’ regulation of geometric parameters on creativity during initial form exploration. Experiments were performed on two cohorts of architects with 3–6 years of experience: one cohort was permitted to customize the design parameters, while the other cohort was restricted to selecting from system-generated options. The design process was examined through Protocol Analysis, and design creativity was evaluated using a Consensual Assessment Technique. The findings indicated that enhanced control facilitated increased exploration of form, augmented creativity, and yielded more innovative design solutions. This study establishes that creativity in generative design relies not solely on algorithms but also on the proactive engagement of architects. The results advocate for the creation of a generative design system that enables architects to engage in form exploration more interactively while maintaining algorithmic efficiency.