Cache-optimized BFS on multi-core CPUs

Breadth-First Search (BFS) performance on shared-memory systems is often limited by irregular memory access and cache inefficiencies. This work presents two optimizations for BFS graph traversal: a bitmap-based algorithm designed for small-diameter graphs and MergedCSR, a graph storage format that improves cache locality for large-scale graphs. Experimental results on real-world datasets show an average 1.3× speedup over a state-of-the-art implementation, with MergedCSR reducing RAM accesses by approximately 15%.