Current-Adaptive Control for Efficiency Enhancement in Interleaved Converters for Battery Energy Storage Systems

Battery energy storage systems are essential for grid stability and the efficient integration of renewable energy sources. Their performance is influenced by the efficiency of bidirectional converters, particularly under varying load conditions. This study presents a novel current-adaptive control strategy for a two-stage non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter designed to dynamically adjust the number of active branches based on real-time load variations. The proposed approach introduces a current-adaptive algorithm for branch activation and deactivation, combined with real-time temperature-based control decision making, which has not been explored in existing studies. The validation was conducted using real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation with the Typhoon HIL 402 system, ensuring accurate system representation. The results show an increase in average efficiency from 77.69% to 83.15% in Buck mode and from 81.00% to 83.71% in Boost mode, with a reduction in average power losses by 8.67% and 13.31%, respectively. These findings underscore the need for further research on temperature-adaptive control for efficiency optimization and thermal management, which is currently ongoing and will be expanded in future work. Future efforts will focus on experimental validation using a physical prototype and further refinement of temperature-adaptive control strategies.