Analisis faktor sosio-demografi, perilaku hygiene ibu, dan sanitasi lingkungan terhadap kejadian diare

Background: Diarrhea is an infectious disease that can cause death in the post-neonatal period (age 29 days-11 months) and toddlers (age 12-59 months). Muara Enim Regency is one of the endemic areas for diarrhea with an incidence rate reaching 15.2% in toddlers in 2022. Purpose: To analyze socio-demographic factors, maternal hygiene behaviour, and environmental sanitation on diarrhea incidence. Method: This study used data from the results of the field work practice of the Faculty of Public Health, Sriwijaya University in 2024 in Lembak District, Muara Enim Regency. The study design was cross-sectional with a sample of 403 mothers of toddlers selected by multistage random sampling. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and continued with logistic regression analysis. Results: It was found that 66 toddlers (16.4%) suffered from diarrhea, 67.5% of mothers were aged > 25 years, 51.1% of mothers had low education, 73.2% of mothers did not work, 63.8% had low family income, and 51.1% of mothers had poor hygiene behavior. However, 98.0% of respondents had access to clean water quality, and 95.3% of respondents had adequate toilet facilities. There was a significant relationship between maternal age and maternal hygiene behavior with the incidence of diarrhea. The variables of maternal education, maternal occupation, maternal income, clean water quality, and toilet and bathing facilities were not significantly related to the incidence of diarrhea. Conclusion: The maternal hygiene variable is the most dominant factor in this study after being controlled by the maternal age and family income variables. Keywords: Diarrhea; Maternal Hygiene Behavior; Socio-Demographic Factors. Pendahuluan: Diare merupakan penyakit infeksi yang dapat mengakibatkan kematian pada masa post-neonatal (usia 29 hari-11 bulan) dan anak balita (usia 12-59 bulan). Kabupaten Muara Enim merupakan salah satu daerah endemik diare dengan angka kejadian mencapai 15.2% terjadi pada balita di tahun 2022. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor sosio-demografi, perilaku hygiene ibu, dan sanitasi lingkungan terhadap kejadian diare. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari hasil Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan (PBL) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sriwijaya tahun 2024 yang berada di Kecamatan Lembak Kabupaten Muara Enim. Desain penelitian bersifat cross-sectional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 403 ibu balita yang dipilih secara multistage random sampling. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan uji chi-square dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil: Terdapat 66 balita (16.4%) ditemukan menderita diare, sebesar 67.5% ibu berusia > 25 tahun, 51.1% ibu memiliki tingkat pendidikan rendah, 73.2% ibu tidak bekerja, 63.8% memiliki pendapatan keluarga rendah, dan 51.1% ibu memiliki perilaku hygiene yang kurang baik. Namun, 98.0% responden memiliki akses terhadap kualitas air bersih, dan 95.3% responden memiliki fasilitas mandi cuci kakus (MCK) yang memenuhi syarat. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia ibu dan perilaku hygiene ibu dengan kejadian diare. Variabel pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan ibu, kualitas air bersih, dan fasilitas MCK tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian diare. Simpulan: Variabel hygiene ibu merupakan faktor paling dominan dalam penelitian ini setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia ibu dan pendapatan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Diare; Faktor Sosiodemografi; Perilaku Hygiene Ibu.