Climate governance in the BRICS: pathways toward net-zero emissions

Climate governance is essential for tackling global climate challenges and advancing toward net-zero objectives. This study focuses on the BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—examining their strategies, policies, and challenges in tackling climate change. It explores similarities and distinctions in climate governance across BRICS countries, offering recommendations for enhancing responsible climate governance. The study uses an integrated comparative trend analysis of literature to examine and contrast strategies and analyse policies and challenges across BRICS nations. This study finds that the BRICS economies’ persistent dependence on coal and other fossil fuels remains a major barrier to the transition toward net-zero emissions, underscoring the structural complexities of aligning economic growth with sustainability goals. Findings highlight the importance of collective action, policy coherence, and regional leadership in promoting effective climate governance within BRICS. It further emphasizes the need for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)-aligned practices and proactive engagement to address the complexities of climate change. The paper recommends increased investment in climate finance while promoting regional and international cooperation to support transition to a low carbon economy. It contributes valuable insights into the responsibilities of BRICS nations in influencing the trajectory of global climate governance.