Prevalence and risk factors of Diabetic Foot changes among Community-Dwelling Adults with diabetes mellitus in an Underprivileged Area of Bangalore: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Diabetic foot changes are often neglected in diabetes management, especially in underprivileged communities. Foot changes such as dry skin, cracks, ulcers, and infections are common among individuals with diabetes. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors diabetic foot changes among community-dwelling adults with diabetes in Tavarekere slum an underprivileged area of Bangalore city. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 adults with diabetes in an underprivileged area of Bangalore city. A pretested questionnaire capturing socio-demographic details, morbidity profile and diabetic foot changes was used. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results The prevalence of diabetic foot changes was 62.6% (95% CI: 57.7 to 67.5), with dry skin (48.1%, 95% CI: 43.0 to 53.2) and cracks (41.9%, 95% CI: 36.9 to 46.9) being the most common findings, while foot ulcers were observed in 7.4% (95% CI: 4.7 to 10.1) of participants. Older age (≥45 years) was a significant risk factor of foot changes (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.11–3.38, p = 0.02) Conclusion The high prevalence of diabetic foot changes highlights the need for regular foot examinations, improved patient education and accessible preventive care. Integrating foot care into diabetes management programs can help reduce morbidity and prevent amputations, especially in resource-limited settings.