Ultra-high birefringence in dual semi-circular core circular-cladding holey fiber for polarization maintaining applications

Holey Fibers have attracted considerable attention due to their capacity to customize optical properties, leading to advancements in a variety of fields such as telecommunications, sensing, and laser systems. In this work, we introduce a novel design of Dual Semi-Circular Core Modified Circular Cladding Holey Fiber (DSCMC-HF), which demonstrates exceptional optical performance for polarization-maintaining applications. At the 1550 nm wavelength, the proposed fiber achieves an impressive birefringence of 0.2132, significantly exceeding that of traditional polarization-maintaining fibers. Additionally, the beat length is reduced to 7.27 × 10⁻6 m, improving polarization stability in fiber-based systems. The nonlinear coefficients for x and y polarization, 44.18 and 63.42 W⁻1 km⁻1 respectively, highlight the fiber’s potential in nonlinear optical applications. Furthermore, with effective areas of 2.936 and 2.046 μm2 for x and y polarization, and numerical apertures of 0.4546 and 0.5217 respectively, the fiber exhibits excellent light confinement and propagation characteristics. Finite Element Method simulations were employed to analyze the optical properties of the proposed design, ensuring accurate evaluation of its performance. These superior optical properties, combined with the novel dual semi-circular core structure, make the proposed DSCMC-HF design a strong candidate for advancing polarization-sensitive devices, fiber lasers, and high-speed telecommunications systems.