Constant Luminous Flux Approach for Portable Light-Emitting Diode Lamps Based on the Zero-Average Dynamic Controller

Constant luminous flux lamps are required for ensuring reliable and consistent illumination in various applications, including emergency lighting, outdoor activities, and general use. However, some activities may require maintaining a constant luminous flux, where the design must control the current during the use. This paper presents the design of a portable light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system powered by batteries that maintains constant luminous flux using the zero-average dynamic control (ZAD) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. This system can adapt the current to maintain the luminous flux required for reliable portable lighting applications used in outdoor activities. The results show that the system can provide constant illumination with 12-volt, 18-volt, and 24-volt batteries, and a 12-volt battery with a state of charge of 10%, enhancing usability for outdoor activities, emergency situations, and professional applications.