Thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of high doses of hydromorphone in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

This study provides evidence that hydromorphone may provide analgesic effects when administered to cockatiels at doses higher than those evaluated in prior studies. Further studies with other types of noxious stimuli, routes of administration, and testing time points are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of hydromorphone in cockatiels.