Significance of dissipative flow on a second-grade nanofluid with variable thermal properties on the stretching surface

This work analyzes the impact of viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity on second-grade nanofluid. Boundary conditions are used for the analysis of heat and mass transmission. Stream functions and similarity variables are utilized to reduce the complexity of the governed PDEs (partial differential equations) and altered into ODEs (ordinary differential equations). The mechanism can be analyzed and solved more easily due to this modification. In order to efficiently handle boundary value issues by turning them into initial value problems, the method of shooting is employed to achieve numerical solutions for the physical phenomena under the Newton–Raphson scheme and Keller-box approach. The conclusions of physical attributes on temperature, velocity, and mass transportation are graphically represented using these methods. These parameters include heat production, variable thermal conductivity, second-order fluid properties, the Eckert number, Brownian motion, Prandtl number, thermophoresis, and the Lewis number. This study found that the temperature and velocity sketches improve as the estimations of the variable thermal conductivity parameter rises. The temperature profile drops and the velocity sketch rises as the second-grade fluid parameter escalates. Eckert number variations are greater in the temperature and concentration profiles. Furthermore, the velocity profile of the second-grade nanofluid decreases with increasing Prandtl numbers. Higher temperature-dependent density signifies the greatest fluid temperature and concentration values. Greater Brownian motion results in improved mass and heat transmission magnitudes. When the Prandtl number rises, the Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, and Sherwood number drop, but enhances when the Lewis number rises.