Advancements and Ethical Considerations in the Application of Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Stem cell therapy has been a revolutionary innovation in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Advances in stem cell research show great potential in the regeneration of damaged nerve tissue, improvement of neurological function, as well as slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the implementation of this therapy still faces various challenges, both in terms of clinical effectiveness and ethical considerations. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach to examine the latest developments in the application of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disorders and the ethical dilemmas that accompany it. The results of the literature review show that embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have high potential in differentiation into functional nerve cells. However, the main challenges in clinical implementation include the risk of tumorigenesis, immune response, and regulatory standards that are not uniform in different countries. In addition, ethical aspects related to stem cell sources, research sustainability, and therapeutic accessibility are issues that are still debated in the scientific community and society. Taking into account technological advances and evolving regulations, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to ensure the application of stem cell therapies that are safe, effective, and in accordance with bioethical principles. Further studies are needed to address biological, clinical, and ethical constraints to optimize the benefits of stem cell therapy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in the future.