Reconstruction of historical and modern types of culture

The article examines the situation in modern cultural studies. To understand it, the author discusses methods of analyzing culture and the culturological approach, and also proposes a distinction between two classes of cultures — the culture of great time and the culture of modernity. The prerequisites for the reconstruction of both types of cultures are analyzed. In the first case, this is the influence of the Reformation, the spiritual sciences, and the projects of the European nation-state. The author argues that the criteria for changing cultures over time are quite difficult to determine, and therefore clarifies the methodology for studying these cultures. The article ends with a discussion of the hypothesis about the end of modern culture and the formation of the next culture of great time — future culture; the consequences of this transformation for modern cultures are also considered.